Contents

ControlRenderingCompatabilityVersion Setting in the Web.config File
ClientIDMode Changes
HtmlEncode and UrlEncode Now Encode Single Quotation Marks
Browser Definition Files Updated
ASP.NET Request Validation
Default Hashing Algorithm Is Now HMACSHA256
Configuration Errors Related to New ASP.NET 4 Root Configuration
The HttpRequest.FilePath Property No Longer Includes PathInfo Values
Event Handlers Might Not Be Not Raised in a Default Document in IIS 7 or IIS 7.5 Integrated Mode
Changes to the ASP.NET Code Access Security (CAS) Implementation
Output Caching Changes to Vary * HTTP Header
System.Web.Security Types for Passport are Obsolete

ControlRenderingCompatabilityVersion Setting in the Web.config File

ASP.NET controls have been modified in the .NET Framework version 4 in order to let you specify more precisely how they render markup. In previous versions of the .NET Framework, some controls emitted markup that you had no way to disable. By default, ASP.NET 4 this type of markup is no longer generated.

If you use Visual Studio 2010 to upgrade your application from ASP.NET 2.0 or ASP.NET 3.5, the tool automatically adds a setting to the Web.config file that preserves legacy rendering. However, if you upgrade an application by changing the application pool in IIS to target the .NET Framework 4, ASP.NET uses the new rendering mode by default. To disable the new rendering mode, add the following setting in the Web.config file:

<pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="3.5" />

The major rendering changes that the new behavior brings are as follows:

• The Image and ImageButton controls no longer render a border="0" attribute.
• The BaseValidator class and validation controls that derive from it no longer render red text by default.
• The HtmlForm control does not render a name attribute.
• The Table control no longer renders a border="0" attribute.
• Controls that are not designed for user input (for example, the Label control) no longer render the disabled="disabled" attribute if their Enabled property is set to false (or if they inherit this setting from a container control).

ClientIDMode Changes

The ClientIDMode setting in ASP.NET 4 lets you specify how ASP.NET generates the id attribute for HTML elements. In previous versions of ASP.NET, the default behavior was equivalent to the AutoID setting of ClientIDMode. However, the default setting is now Predictable.

If you use Visual Studio 2010 to upgrade your application from ASP.NET 2.0 or ASP.NET 3.5, the tool automatically adds a setting to the Web.config file that preserves the behavior of earlier versions of the .NET Framework. However, if you upgrade an application by changing the application pool in IIS to target the .NET Framework 4, ASP.NET uses the new mode by default. To disable the new client ID mode, add the following setting in the Web.config file:

<pages ClientIDMode="AutoID" / >

HtmlEncode and UrlEncode Now Encode Single Quotation Marks

In ASP.NET 4, the HtmlEncode and UrlEncode methods of the HttpUtility and HttpServerUtility classes have been updated to encode the single quotation mark character (') as follows:

• The HtmlEncode method encodes instances of the single quotation mark as &#39;.
• The UrlEncode method encodes instances of the single quotation mark as %27.

Browser Definition Files Updated

The browser definition files have been updated to include information about new and updated browsers and devices. Older browsers and devices such as Netscape Navigator have been removed, and newer browsers and devices such as Google Chrome and Apple iPhone have been added.

If your application contains custom browser definitions that inherit from one of the browser definitions that have been removed, you will see an error. For example, if the App_Browsers folder contains a browser definition that inherits from the IE2 browser definition, you will receive the following configuration error message:

The browser or gateway element with ID 'IE2' cannot be found.

You can revert to the old browser definition files by copying the browser definition files from the following folder:

Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\CONFIG\Browsers

Copy the files into the corresponding \CONFIG\Browsers folder for ASP.NET 4. After you copy the files, run the Aspnet_regbrowsers.exe command-line tool. For more information, see the http://www.ASP.net/mobile Web site.

ASP.NET Request Validation

The request validation feature in ASP.NET provides a certain level of default protection against cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. In previous versions of ASP.NET, request validation was enabled by default. However, it applied only to ASP.NET pages (.aspx files and their class files) and only when those pages were executing.

In ASP.NET 4, by default, request validation is enabled for all requests, because it is enabled before the BeginRequest phase of an HTTP request. As a result, request validation applies to requests for all ASP.NET resources, not just .aspx page requests. This includes requests such as Web service calls and custom HTTP handlers. Request validation is also active when custom HTTP modules are reading the contents of an HTTP request.

As a result, request validation errors might now occur for requests that previously did not trigger errors. To revert to the behavior of the ASP.NET 2.0 request validation feature, add the following setting in the Web.config file:

<httpRuntime requestValidationMode="2.0" />

However, we recommend that you analyze any request validation errors to determine whether existing handlers, modules, or other custom code accesses potentially unsafe HTTP inputs that could be XSS attack vectors.

Default Hashing Algorithm Is Now HMACSHA256

ASP.NET uses both encryption and hashing algorithms to help secure data such as forms authentication cookies and view state. By default, ASP.NET 4 now uses the HMACSHA256 algorithm for hash operations on cookies and view state. Earlier versions of ASP.NET used the older HMACSHA1 algorithm.

Your applications might be affected if you run mixed ASP.NET 2.0/ASP.NET 4 environments where data such as forms authentication cookies must work across.NET Framework versions. To configure an ASP.NET 4 Web application to use the older HMACSHA1 algorithm, add the following setting in the Web.config file:

<machineKey validation="SHA1" />

Configuration Errors Related to New ASP.NET 4 Root Configuration

The root configuration files (the machine.config file and the root Web.config file) for the .NET Framework (and therefore ASP.NET 4) have been updated to include most of the boilerplate configuration information that in ASP.NET 3.5 was found in the application Web.config files. Because of the complexity of the managed IIS 7 and IIS 7.5 configuration systems, running ASP.NET 3.5 applications under ASP.NET 4 and under IIS 7 and IIS 7.5 can result in either ASP.NET or IIS configuration errors.

We recommend that you upgrade ASP.NET 3.5 applications to ASP.NET 4 by using the project upgrade tools in Visual Studio 2010, if practical. Visual Studio 2010 automatically modifies the ASP.NET 3.5 application's Web.config file to contain the appropriate settings for ASP.NET 4.

However, it is a supported scenario to run ASP.NET 3.5 applications using the .NET Framework 4 without recompilation. In that case, you might have to manually modify the application's Web.config file before you run the application under the .NET Framework 4 and under IIS 7 or IIS 7.5.

The next two sections describe changes that you might need to make for different combinations of software.

Windows Vista SP1 or Windows Server 2008 SP1, where neither hotfix KB958854 nor SP2 are installed. In this configuration, the IIS 7 configuration system incorrectly merges an application's managed configuration by comparing the application-level Web.config file to the ASP.NET 2.0 machine.config files. Because of this, application-level Web.config files from the .NET Framework 3.5 or later must have a system.web.extensions configuration section definition (the <configSections /> element) in order not to cause an IIS 7 validation failure.

However, manually modified application-level Web.config file entries that do not precisely match the original boilerplate configuration section definitions that were introduced with Visual Studio 2008 will cause ASP.NET configuration errors. (The default configuration entries that are generated by Visual Studio 2008 work correctly.) A common problem is that manually modified Web.config files leave out the allowDefinition and requirePermission configuration attributes that are found on various configuration section definitions. This causes a mismatch between the abbreviated configuration section in application-level Web.config files and the complete definition in the ASP.NET 4 machine.config file. As a result, at run time, the ASP.NET 4 configuration system throws a configuration error.

Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, and also Windows Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008 SP1 where hotfix KB958854 is installed.

In this scenario, the IIS 7 and IIS 7.5 native configuration system returns a configuration error because it performs a text comparison on the type attribute that is defined for a managed configuration section handler. Because all Web.config files that are generated by Visual Studio 2008 and Visual Studio 2008 SP1 have "3.5" in the type string for the system.web.extensions (and related) configuration section handlers, and because the ASP.NET 4 machine.config file has "4.0" in the type attribute for the same configuration section handlers, applications that are generated in Visual Studio 2008 or Visual Studio 2008 SP1 always fail configuration validation in IIS 7 and IIS 7.5.

Resolving These Issues

The workaround for the first scenario is to update the application-level Web.config file by including the boilerplate configuration text from a Web.config file that was generated automatically by Visual Studio 2008.

An alternative workaround for the first scenario is to install Service Pack 2 for Vista or Windows Server 2008 on your computer or to install hotfix KB958854 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958854) to fix the incorrect configuration-merge behavior of the IIS configuration system. However, after you perform either of these actions, your application will likely encounter a configuration error due to the issue described for the second scenario.

The workaround for the second scenario is to delete or comment out all the system.web.extensions configuration section definitions and configuration section group definitions from the application-level Web.config file. These definitions are usually at the top of the application-level Web.config file and can be identified by the configSections element and its children.

The HttpRequest.FilePath Property No Longer Includes PathInfo Values

Previous versions of ASP.NET included a PathInfo value in the value returned from various file path-related properties, including HttpRequest.FilePath, HttpRequest.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath, and HttpRequest.CurrentExecutionFilePath. ASP.NET 4 no longer includes the PathInfo value in the return values from these properties. Instead, the PathInfo information is available in HttpRequest.PathInfo. For example, imagine the following URL fragment:

/testapp/Action.mvc/SomeAction

In earlier versions of ASP.NET, HttpRequest properties have the following values:

HttpRequest.FilePath: /testapp/Action.mvc/SomeAction

HttpRequest.PathInfo: (empty)

In ASP.NET 4, HttpRequest properties instead have the following values:

HttpRequest.FilePath: /testapp/Action.mvc

HttpRequest.PathInfo: SomeAction

Event Handlers Might Not Be Not Raised in a Default Document in IIS 7 or IIS 7.5 Integrated Mode

ASP.NET 4 includes modifications to how the action attribute of the HTML form element is rendered when an extensionless URL resolves to a default document. An example of an extensionless URL resolving to a default document would be http://contoso.com/ resulting in a request to http://contoso.com/Default.aspx.

ASP.NET 4 now renders the HTML form element’s action attribute value as an empty string when a request is made to an extensionless URL that has a default document mapped to it. For example, in earlier releases of ASP.NET, a request to http://contoso.com would result in a request to Default.aspx. In that document, the opening form tag would be rendered as in the following example:

<form action="Default.aspx" />

In ASP.NET 4, a request to http://contoso.com also results in a request to Default.aspx. However, ASP.NET now renders the HTML opening form tag as in the following example:

<form action="" />

This difference in how the action attribute is rendered can cause subtle changes in how a form post is processed by IIS and ASP.NET. When the action attribute is an empty string, the IIS DefaultDocumentModule object will create a child request to Default.aspx. Under most conditions, this child request is transparent to application code, and the Default.aspx page runs normally.

However, a potential interaction between managed code and IIS 7 or IIS 7.5 Integrated mode can cause managed .aspx pages to stop working properly during the child request. If the following conditions occur, the child request to a default .aspx document will result in an error or in unexpected behavior:

1. An .aspx page is sent to the browser with the form element’s action attribute set to "".
2. The form is posted back to ASP.NET.
3. A managed HTTP module reads some part of the entity body. For example, a module reads Request.Form or Request.Params. This causes the entity body of the POST request to be read into managed memory. As a result, the entity body is no longer available to any native code modules that are running in IIS7 or IIS7.5 Integrated mode.
4. The IIS DefaultDocumentModule object eventually runs and creates a child request to the Default.aspx document. However, because the entity body has already been read by a piece of managed code, there is no entity body available to send to the child request.
5. When the HTTP pipeline runs for the child request, the handler for .aspx files runs during the handler-execute phase.
6. Because there is no entity body, there are no form variables and no view state, and therefore no information is available for the .aspx page handler to determine what event (if any) is supposed to be raised. As a result, none of the postback event handlers for the affected .aspx page run.

You can work around this behavior in the following ways:

• Identify the HTTP module that is accessing the request's entity body during default document requests and determine whether it can be configured to run only for managed requests. In Integrated mode for both IIS7 and IIS 7.5, HTTP modules can be marked to run only for managed requests by adding the following attribute to the module's system.webServer/modules entry: 
  
  precondition="managedHandler" 
  
  This setting disables the module for requests that IIS 7 and IIS 7.5 determine as not being managed requests. For default document requests, the first request is to an extensionless URL. Therefore, IIS does not run any managed modules that are marked with a precondition of "managed Handler" during initial request processing. As a result, managed modules will not accidentally read the entity body and thus the entity body is still available and is passed along to the child request and to the default document.
• If the problematic HTTP modules have to run for all requests (for static files, for extensionless URLs that resolve to the DefaultDocumentModule object, for managed requests, etc.), modify the affected .aspx pages by explicitly setting the Action property of the page’s System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm control to a non-empty string. For example, if the default document is Default.aspx, modify the page's code to explicitly set the HtmlForm control’s Action property to "Default.aspx".

Changes to the ASP.NET Code Access Security (CAS) Implementation

ASP.NET 2.0, and by extension the ASP.NET features that were added in 3.5, use the .NET Framework 1.1 and 2.0 code access security (CAS) model. However, the implementation of CAS in ASP.NET 4 has been substantially overhauled. As a result, partial-trust ASP.NET applications that rely on trusted code running in the global assembly cache (GAC) might fail with various security exceptions. Partial-trust applications that rely on extensive modifications to machine CAS policy might also fail with security exceptions.

You can revert partial-trust ASP.NET 4 applications to the behavior of ASP.NET 1.1 and 2.0 using the new legacyCasModel attribute in the trust configuration element, as shown in the following example:

<trust level= "Medium" legacyCasModel="true" />

When you revert to the legacy CAS model, the following old CAS behaviors are enabled:

• Machine CAS policy is honored.
• Multiple different permission sets in a single application domain are allowed.
• Explicit permission assertions are not required for assemblies in the GAC that are invoked when only ASP.NET or other .NET Framework code is on the stack.

One scenario cannot be reverted in the .NET Framework 4: non-Web partial-trust applications can no longer call certain APIs in System.Web.dll and System.Web.Extensions.dll. In previous versions of the .NET Framework, it was possible for non-Web partial-trust applications to be explicitly granted AspNetHostingPermission permissions. These applications could then use System.Web.HttpUtility, types in the System.Web.ClientServices.* namespaces, and types related to membership, roles, and profiles. Calling these types from non-Web partial trust applications is no longer supported in the .NET Framework 4.

The following is a high-level summary of the changes to the default CAS implementation in ASP.NET 4:

• ASP.NET application domains are now homogeneous application domains. Only partial-trust and full-trust grant sets are available in an application domain.
• ASP.NET partial-trust grant sets are independent from any enterprise-level, machine-level, or user-level CAS policy.
• ASP.NET assemblies that shipped in 3.5 and 3.5 SP1 have been converted to use the .NET Framework 4 transparency model.
• Use of the ASP.NET AspNetHostingPermission attribute has been substantially reduced. Most instances of this attribute have been removed from the public ASP.NET APIs.
• Dynamically compiled assemblies that are created by ASP.NET build providers have been updated to explicitly mark assemblies as transparent.
• All ASP.NET assemblies are now marked in such a way that the APTCA attribute is honored only in Web hosting environments. Partially trusted non-Web hosting environments like ClickOnce will not be able to call into ASP.NET assemblies.

For more information about the new ASP.NET 4 code access security model, see Using Code Access Security in ASP.NET Applications on the MSDN Web site.

Output Caching Changes to Vary * HTTP Header

In ASP.NET 1.0, a bug caused cached pages that specified Location="ServerAndClient" as an output–cache setting to emit a Vary:* HTTP header in the response. This had the effect of telling client browsers to never cache the page locally.

In ASP.NET 1.1, the System.Web.HttpCachePolicy.SetOmitVaryStar method was added, which you could call to suppress the Vary:* header. This method was chosen because changing the emitted HTTP header was considered a potentially breaking change at the time. However, developers have been confused by the behavior in ASP.NET, and bug reports suggest that developers are unaware of the existing SetOmitVaryStar behavior.

In ASP.NET 4, the decision was made to fix the root problem. The Vary:* HTTP header is no longer emitted from responses that specify <@OutputCache Location="ServerAndClient">. As a result, SetOmitVaryStar is no longer needed in order to suppress the Vary:* header.

In applications that specify <@OutputCache Location="ServerAndClient"> on a page, you will now see the behavior implied by the name of the Location attribute's value – that is, pages will be cacheable in the browser without requiring that you call the SetOmitVaryStar method.

If pages in your application must emit Vary:*, call the AppendHeader method, as in the following example:

HttpResponse.AppendHeader("Vary","*");

Alternatively, you can change the value of the output caching Location attribute to "Server".

System.Web.Security Types for Passport are Obsolete

The Passport support built into ASP.NET 2.0 has been obsolete and unsupported for a few years due to changes in Passport (now LiveID). As a result, the five types related to Passport in System.Web.Security are now marked with the ObsoleteAttribute attribute.